The Related Discourses
1. The Aggregates
| （二五六） 無明 | 39 (256). Ignorance |
|---|---|
| 如是我聞： 一時，佛住王舍城迦蘭陀竹園。 爾時，尊者舍利弗、尊者摩訶拘絺羅在耆闍崛山。 | 1. Thus I have heard:1 The Buddha was staying at the Kalandaka Bamboo Grove of Rājagṛha. At the time, Venerable Śāriputra and Venerable Mahākauṣṭhila were on Mount Gṛdhrakūṭa. |
| 時，尊者拘絺羅晡時從禪起，詣尊者舍利弗所，共相問訊，種種相娛悅已，却坐一面。 | 2. Venerable Kauṣṭhila rose from meditation in the afternoon and visited Śāriputra. Once they had exchanged greetings and joked in various ways, he withdrew to sit to one side. |
| 時，尊者摩訶拘絺羅語舍利弗言：「欲有所問，寧有閑暇為我說不？」 | 3. Venerable Mahākauṣṭhila said to Śāriputra, “I have a question I’d like to ask if you might have some time to explain it for me?” |
| 舍利弗言：「隨仁所問，知者當說。」 | Śāriputra said, “Go ahead with your question, sir. I will tell you what I know.” |
| 摩訶拘絺羅問舍利弗言：「所謂無明。云何是無明？誰有此無明？」 | 4. Venerable Mahākauṣṭhila said to Śāriputra, “There’s the term ‘ignorance.’ What is ignorance? Who possesses this ignorance?” |
| 舍利弗答言：「無明者謂不知，不知者是無明。」 | Śāriputra replied, “Ignorance means to not know. Someone who doesn’t know is ignorant.” |
| 「何所不知？」 | 5. “What is it that they don’t know?” |
| 「謂色無常，色無常如實不知。色磨滅法，色磨滅法如實不知。色生滅法，色生滅法如實不知。受、想、行、識，受、想、行、識無常如實不知。識磨滅法，識磨滅法如實不知。識生滅法，識生滅法如實不知。摩訶拘絺羅！於此五受陰如實不知、不見、無無間等、愚、闇、不明，是名無明，成就此者，名有無明。」 | 6. “It’s that form is impermanent. They truly don’t know that form is impermanent. Form is something that erodes. They truly don’t know that form is something that erodes. Form is something that arises and ceases. They truly don’t know that form is something that arises and ceases. Feeling … conception … volition … awareness [is impermanent.] They truly don’t know that awareness is impermanent. Awareness is something that erodes. They truly don’t know that awareness is something that erodes. Awareness is something that arises and ceases. They truly don’t know that awareness is something that arises and ceases. Mahākauṣṭhila, they truly don’t know these five acquired aggregates. They don’t see and have no direct realization of them. They are foolish, benighted, and aren’t insightful. This is called ignorance. Someone who achieves this is called ignorant.” |
| 又問：「舍利弗！所謂明者，云何為明？誰有此明？」 | 7. Mahākauṣṭhila asked, “Śāriputra, there’s that term ‘insight.’ What is insight? Who possesses this insight?” |
| 舍利弗言：「摩訶拘絺羅！所謂明者是知，知者是名為明。」 | Śāriputra said, “Mahākauṣṭhila, the term insight means to know. Someone who knows is called insightful.” |
| 又問：「何所知？」 | 8. Mahākauṣṭhila asked, “What is it that they know?” |
| 「謂知色無常，知色無常如實知；色磨滅法，色磨滅法如實知；色生滅法，色生滅法如實知。受、想、行、識，受、想、行、識無常如實知，識磨滅法，識磨滅法如實知，識生滅法，識生滅法如實知。拘絺羅！於此五受陰如實知、見、明、覺、慧、無間等，是名為明；成就此法者，是名有明。」 | 9. “It’s that form is impermanent. They truly know that form is impermanent. Form is something that erodes. They truly know that form is something that erodes. Form is something that arises and ceases. They truly know that form is something that arises and ceases. Feeling … conception … volition … awareness [is impermanent.] They truly know that awareness is impermanent. Awareness is something that erodes. They truly know that awareness is something that erodes. Awareness is something that arises and ceases. They truly know that awareness is something that arises and ceases. Kauṣṭhila, they truly know these five acquired aggregates. They see and have insight about them. They are aware, wise, and directly realize it. This is called insight. Someone who achieves this is called insightful.” |
| 是二正士各聞所說，展轉隨喜，從坐而起，各還本處。 | 10. Those two proper gentlemen each heard that teaching and were in turn delighted by it. They rose from their seats, and each returned to his home. |
Notes
- This is sūtra no. 256 in the Taisho edition and no. 39 in Yinshun (T99.2.64b22-c19). It and the next two sūtras correspond to SN 22.129-135, and their closest parallels are SN 22.133-135, which combine the definition of ignorance and insight into a single discourse. This particular sūtra doesn’t have a direct parallel but represents a variant of the same basic template. [back]
Translator: Charles Patton
Last Revised: 1 March 2024
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