Translating Classical Buddhism to Modern English

A Chinese IPA Pronunciation Guide

Below is a table of reconstructed pronunciations of Chinese characters appearing in the Buddhist translations. The OC, EMC, LMC, and EM pronunciations listed can be found in the Gakken dictionary cited below.

Note that for Chinese translations after the Han Dynasty (ca. 200 AD) and prior to the Song Dynasty (ca. 1000 AD), the EMC pronunciations are the most relevant. Late Tang era (ca. 900 AD) and Song Dynasty translations (ca. 1000-1300 AD) would have transitioned to the LMC pronunications. Translations after the fall of the Song (ca. 1300 AD) would have used EM pronunciations.

Abbreviations

OC (Old Chinese): Pre-Han Dynasty
EMC (Early Middle Chinese): North-South Era to Tang Dynasty
LMC (Late Middle Chinese): Song Dynasty
EM (Early Mandarin): Yuan to Qing Dynasty
Pinyin: Modern Pinyin Romanization
Gakken: Page number in Gakken Kanwa Dai Jiten (1994 ed.)


Jump to Radical

1: 丿

2:

3: 广

4: 心忄 手扌 攴攵 水氵 火灬

5: 玉 王

6: 网 罒 罓 肉 月

7: 辵 辶

8:

9:

10:

11: 鹿

12+:


Radical 1: 一

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ietiĕtiəii1
ts‘ietts‘iĕtts‘iəits̆‘i4
1teŋteŋtiəŋtiəŋdīng5
2tĕŋṭɛŋṭṣəŋṭṣəŋzhēng5
ɦăgɦăɦias̆iaxià6
samsamsamsansān8
dhiaŋʒɪaŋʃɪaŋṣaŋshàng, shǎng11
dɪaŋḍɪaŋtʃɪaŋṭṣaŋzhàng13
1pɪuəgpɪəufəufəufǒu16
2pɪuətpɪuətpupu16
k‘iuəgk‘iəuk‘iəuts‘iəuqiū18
1ts‘iăgts‘iăts‘ietă‘ieqiě18
2tsiagtsiotsiuts̆ü18
thiadʃɪɛiʃɪəiṣïshì19
pɪăŋpɪʌŋpiəŋpiəŋbǐng20
beŋbeŋpiəŋpiəŋbìng21

Radical 2: 丨

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
tɪoŋṭɪuŋtʃɪoŋṭṣuəŋzhōng, zhòng21

Radical 3: 丶

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ɦuanɦuanuonuanwán23
tiəgtʃɪeiṭṣïṭṣïzhī24
tantantantandān24
tiugtʃɪutʃɪuṭṣuzhǔ24

Radical 4: 丿

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
nəgnəi (ndəi)nainainǎi26
kɪuəgkɪəukiəuts̆iəujiǔ26
bɪăpbɪʌpfafa27
ɦagɦohuhu27
1diəŋdʒɪəŋtʃ‘ɪəŋṭṣ‘əŋchéng28
2diəŋdʒɪəŋʃɪəŋṣəŋshèng28

Radical 5: 乙

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kɪogkɪəukiəuts̆iəujiǔ28
k‘ɪətk‘ɪətk‘iəits‘i30
ḍiăgyiăieie30
luanluanluonluanluàn30
niŭgniu (rɪu)rɪuru31
1kankankankangān31
2gɪangɪɛnk‘ients̆‘ianqián31

Radical 6: 亅

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
lↄ̈gleulieuliauliǎo, le32
ḍiagyioiuüyǔ, yú32
dzïəgḍẓïeiṣïṣïshì33

Radical 7: 二

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
niernii (rɪi)rrèr34
ɦɪuag (ɦɪuo)ɦɪuiuü35
ɦɪuənɦɪuəniuənüənyún35
ŋagŋouu35
ɦagɦohuhu38

Radical 8: 亠

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1mɪaŋmɪaŋ (mbɪaŋ)waŋuaŋwáng39
2mɪuag (mɪuo)mɪu (mbɪu)wuu39
ḍiăkyiɛkieii40
kↄ̆gkăukiauts̆iaujiāo40
kɪăŋkɪʌŋkiəŋts̆iəŋjīng42
deŋdeŋt‘iəŋt‘iəŋtíng42

Radical 9: 人

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
nienniĕn (riĕn)riənrənrén43
kɪəmkɪəmkiəmts̆iənjīn46
nienniĕn (rɪĕn)rɪənrənrén47
bɪuətbɪuətfufufú, fó47
ḍiəgyieiii48
dɪaŋḍɪaŋtʃɪaŋṭṣaŋzhàng49
nienniĕn (rɪĕn)rɪənrənrèn49
siansiɛnsiens̆ianxiān49
t‘art‘at‘ot‘a50
dəgdəitaitaidài51
pɪŭgpɪufufu51
lɪeŋlɪɛŋliəŋliəŋlìng52
ɪə̆rɪiii52
k‘iegk‘iĕk‘its̆‘i54
gieggiĕkits̆i54
hɪoghɪəuhiəus̆iəuxiū54
ŋɪaŋŋɪaŋiaŋiaŋyǎng55
ŋagŋouu56
niəmniəm (rɪəm)rɪəmrənrèn, rén57
bɪuătbɪuʌtfafafá, fā58
bɪuəkbɪukfufu58
ɦɪuədɦɪuiuəiuəiwèi59
ɦarɦaho60
?gɪăk‘iets̆‘ieqié60
tsartsatsotsuəzuò, zuǒ61
1tsaktsaktsotsuəzuō, zuò61
2tsagtsatsotsuəzuò61
siəgsiei62
ḍiəg (yiəi)zieisì, shì62
dɪugḍɪutʃɪuṭṣuzhù62
thienʃɪĕnʃɪənṣenshēn62
dandantantandàn63
terteitiəiti64
buanbuanpuonpanbàn65
k‘ɪogk‘ɪok‘iu?(920>287)
ḍiagyioiuü65
ɪərɪəiiəii67
kɪuŋkɪoŋkioŋkuəŋgōng, gòng69
1ɦəŋɦəŋhəŋhəŋhéng69
2ɦənɦənhənhənhèn69
使sïegṣïeiṣïṣïshǐ, shì69
dhiegʒɪeiṣïṣïshì70
thiăgʃɪăʃɪeṣəshè, shě70
pieŋpiɛŋpiəŋpiəŋbìng72
lɪadlɪɛiliəili72
ṃləgləilailailái73>630
ɦāpɦephies̆iaxiá73
ts‘iəmts‘iəmts‘iəmts‘iənqīn74
siensiĕnsiəns̆iənxìn75
ts‘iukts‘iokts‘iuts‘u76
giuk (yiok)zioksiusu76
便1bianbiɛnpienpianbiàn77
便2bianbiɛnp‘ienp‘ianpián77
pogpaupaupaubǎo78
lɪaglɪoliu79
ɪarɪĕii79
kɪugkɪukiuts̆üjū, jù80
ŋerŋeiniəini80
gɪuangɪuɛnkiuents̆üanjuàn80
ɦugɦəuhəuhəuhòu81
siogsiəusiəus̆iəuxiū82
t‘iaŋtʃ‘ɪaŋtʃ‘ɪaŋṭṣ‘aŋchāng, chàng82
1dɪəgḍɪeiṭṣïṭṣïzhì83
2dɪəkḍɪəktʃɪəiṭṣïzhí83
buəgbuəipuəipəibèi84
tↄgtautautaudǎo, dào84
pɪugpɪufufu85
luarlualuoluəluǒ85>1184
lɪuənlɪuĕnliuənluənlún85
ɪănɪʌnienianyǎn86
ŋɪuarŋɪuĕuəiuəiwěi87
1gɪadgɪɛikiəits̆i88
2gɪatgɪɛtkiets̆iejié88
gɪăngɪʌnkients̆ianjiàn88
tsïəkṭṣïəkṭṣətsəzè, cè88
deŋdeŋt‘iəŋt‘iəŋtíng89
t‘ugt‘əut‘əut‘əutōu89
p‘ɪanp‘ɪɛnp‘ienp‘ianpiān90
kăgkiats̆iajiǎ, jià90>53
thiokʃɪukʃɪuṣushū90>88
bɪuə̆gbɪuipuəipəibèi91
baŋbaŋpaŋpaŋbàng92
k‘ɪueŋk‘iuɛŋk‘iuəŋts̆‘iəŋqīng92
tsĕgṭṣăiṭṣaiṭṣaizhài93
thiaŋʃɪaŋʃɪaŋṣaŋshāng94
1dɪuanḍɪuɛntʃ‘ɪuenṭṣ‘uanchuán95>57
2dɪuanḍɪuɛntʃɪuenṭṣuanzhuàn95>57
lugləuləuləulóu95
g̊iaŋ (yiaŋ)ziaŋsiaŋs̆iaŋxiàng96
duŋduŋt‘oŋt‘uəŋtóng96
bukbukpup‘u97
lↄ̈gleulieuliauliáo97
?səŋsəŋsəŋsēng97>94
ɪəkɪəkiəii97
ŋɪarŋɪĕii97
kăgkiats̆iajià99>68
ɪogɪəuiəuiəuyōu100
dɪagḍɪotʃ‘ɪuṭṣ‘uchú, chǔ101
????ráng, xiāng?
t‘aŋt‘aŋt‘aŋt‘aŋtǎng102

Radical 10: 儿

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
hɪuăŋhɪuʌŋhiuəŋs̆iuəŋxiōng103
kuaŋkuaŋkuaŋkuaŋguāng104
t‘iuŋtʃ‘ɪuŋtʃ‘ɪoŋṭṣ‘uəŋchōng104
sə̄nsensiens̆ianxiān105
dɪↄgḍɪɛutʃɪeuṭṣauzhào106
t‘ogt‘ot‘ut‘u107
mɪə̆nmɪɛn (mbɪɛn)mienmianmiǎn107
1ŋiegniĕ (rɪĕ)rrér108>107
2ŋerŋeiniəini108>107
tugtəutəutəudōu108

Radical 11: 入

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
niəpniəp (rɪəp)ru109
nuəbnuəi (nduəi)nuəinəinèi109>120
dziuandziuɛnts‘iuents̆‘üanquán109>56
lɪaŋlɪaŋliaŋliaŋliǎng109>20

Radical 12: 八

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
puătpuʌtpapa110
kuŋkuŋkoŋkuəŋgōng111
lɪoklɪukliəuliəuliù113
kɪŭŋkɪoŋkioŋkuəŋgòng115
pɪăŋpɪʌŋpiəŋpiəŋbīng116
gɪəggɪeik‘its̆‘i117
gɪuggɪukiuts̆ü117
tuəntentientiandiǎn117
klāmkemkiemts̆ianjiān118
kɪəgkɪikits̆i119

Radical 13: 冂

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
tsəgtsəitsaitsaizài122

Radical 14: 冖

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kuankuankuonkuanguān, guàn124
ɦɪuănɦɪuʌniuenüanyuān125
meŋmeŋmiəŋmiəŋmíng125

Radical 15: 冫

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
toŋtoŋtoŋtuəŋdōng126
hɪuaŋhɪuaŋhiuaŋk‘uaŋkuàng127>719
lĕŋlʌŋləŋləŋlěng127
tiuəntʃɪuĕntʃɪuənṭṣuənzhǔn127
tögteutieutiaudiāo128
tuŋtuŋtoŋtuəŋdòng128
g̊lɪaŋlɪaŋliaŋliáŋliáng, liàng129>752
ŋɪəŋŋɪəŋniəŋniəŋníng129

Radical 16: 几

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
bɪămbɪʌmfanfanfán130

Radical 17: 凵

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
hɪuŋhɪoŋhioŋs̆iuəŋxiōng131
1ăpʌpiaua132
2ăpʌpiaauāo, yāo132
1t‘iuəttʃ‘ɪuĕttʃ‘ɪuṭṣ‘uchū132
2t‘iuədtʃ‘ɪuitʃ‘ɪuəiṭṣ‘uəichuì132

Radical 18: 刀

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
tↄgtautautaudāo134
nienniĕn (rɪĕn)rɪənrənrèn135
ŋɪădŋɪʌiiəii135
1ts‘etts‘etts‘iets̆‘ieqiē, qiè135
2ts‘erts‘eits‘iəits̆‘ieqiè135
1pɪuənpɪuənfənfənfēn136
2bɪuənbɪuənfənfənfèn136
ɦeŋɦeŋhiəŋs̆iəŋxíng138
mɪuənmɪuən (mbɪuən)wənuənwěn138
lɪatlɪɛtlielieliè138
ts‘ïagṭṣ‘ïoṭṣ‘uṭṣ‘uchū139
p‘uanp‘uanp‘uonp‘anpàn140
bɪatbɪɛtpiepiebié141
lɪedlɪilili141-2
kuătkuătkuakuaguā142
tↄgtautautaudào145
tiadtʃɪɛitʃɪəiṭṣizhì144-5
k‘ɪuănk‘ɪuʌnk‘iuents̆‘üanquàn143
1ts‘iegts‘iets‘ïts‘ï144
2ts‘iekts‘iɛkts‘iəin/a144
k‘əkk‘əkk‘ək‘ə143
t‘ert‘eit‘iəit‘i148
tsəktsəktsətsə148
ts‘ătṭṣ‘ătṭṣ‘aṭṣ‘achà145
釰 (剱>劍>劔>劒)klɪămkɪʌmkiemts̆ianjiàn?>149

Radical 19: 力

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kɪăpkɪʌpkiets̆iejié158
nagno (ndo)nunu158
mɪŏgmɪu (mbɪu)wuu162

Radical 21: 匕

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
pierpiipipi168

Radical 28: 厶

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1samsamsamsansān193>192
2ts‘əmts‘əmts‘amts‘ancān193>192
3ts‘ïəmṭṣ‘ïəmṭṣ‘əmts‘əncēn193>192
4sïəmṣïəmṣəmṣənshēn193>192

Radical 30: 口

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kietkiĕtkiəits̆i208
tărṭăṭṣaṭṣazhà211
ɦəmɦəmhamhanhán216
harhaho222
惒 (~和)ɦuarɦuahuo227
哩 (唎)?lɪeilililī, lǐ235
tsiărtsiătsiets̆iejiē, juē246
larlaloluəluó, luō255

Radical 31: 囗

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1ɦɪuərɦɪuəiuəiuəiwéi256
2kuəkkuəkkuokuəguó256
•ien•iĕniəniənyīn259
kuəkkuəkkuokuəguó 263

Radical 32: 土

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
t‘agt‘ot‘ut‘u266
dzəgdzəitsaitsaizài 268
daŋdaŋt‘aŋt‘aŋtáng 278
1səksəkso283
2səgsəisaisaisài, sāi283
1duarduatuotuəduǒ, duò289>280
2hiuə̆rhiuĕhuəihuəihuī289>280

Radical 36: 夕

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
tartatuotuəduō298

Radical 37: 大

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1daddaitaitaidài301
2dardatata301
d˳ieryiiii313
㮈 (奈)1nadnai (ndai)nainainài315
㮈 (奈)2narna (nda)nana315

Radical 38: 女

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
nɪagṇɪo (ṇḍɪo)niu319
niagnio (rio)ruru321
sarsasosuəsuō330
buarbuap‘op‘o332

Radical 39: 子

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
suənsuənsuənsuənsūn, sùn345

Radical 40: 宀

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
•an•anananān347
pɪuəgpɪəufufu365
siăgsiăsies̆iexiě369>124

Radical 44: 尸

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
thierʃɪiṣïṣïshī380
1nɪerṇɪi (ṇḍɪi)nini381
2nernei (ndei)niəini381
mɪuərmɪuəi (mbɪuəi)wəiuəiwěi, yǐ382
g̊lɪuglɪuliu386

Radical 48: 工

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1ts‘ărṭṣ‘ăṭṣ‘aṭṣ‘achā, chà401
2ts‘ïarṭṣ‘ïĕṭṣ‘ïts‘ïci401
3ts‘ădṭṣ‘ăiṭṣ‘aiṭṣ‘aichāi401

Radical 50: 巾

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
pagpopupu404
tegteitieiti406
sïerṣïiṣïṣïshī406

Radical 53: 广

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
terteitiəiti418
1dagdotutu419
2dakdaktotuəduó419

Radical 54: 廴

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ḍianyiɛnienianyán426

Radical 60: 彳

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
pɪarpɪĕpipi442
mɪuərmɪuəi (mbɪuəi)wəiuəiwēi449

Radical 61: 心忄

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ɦagɦohuhu463>506
sietsiĕtsiəis̆i474
•ɪog•ɪəuiəuiəuyōu491

Radical 62

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kuarkuakuo500
ŋarŋao503

Radical 63

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
thianʃɪɛnʃɪenṣanshàn, shān509

Radical 64: 手扌

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
bɪuag (bɪuo)bɪufufu517
kɪugkɪukiuts̆ü519
bătbʌtpapa524>516
nă (ndă)nana524>528
dɪəgḍɪeiṭṣ‘ïṭṣ‘ïchí527
ts‘əgts‘əits‘aits‘aicǎi534
thiăgʃɪăʃɪeṣəshě535
gɪangɪɛnk‘ients̆‘ianqián542>31
degdeit‘iəit‘ití, dī543
thiapʃɪɛpʃɪeṣəshè546
muarmua (mbua)muomomó, mā550

Radical 65

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kiegtʃɪĕṭṣïṭṣïzhī562

Radical 66

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
thiogʃɪəuʃɪəuṣəushōu, shòu563>196
sansansansansàn, sǎn570

Radical 69

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
siegsiĕ580

Radical 72

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
nietniĕt (rɪĕt)rɪəi587
g̊iuə̆n (yiuĕn)ziuĕnsiuəns̆üənxún590
dhiegʒiĕṣïṣïshì597
dhiəgʒɪeiṣïṣïshí600
tɪogtɪəutʃɪəuṭṣəuzhòu602>598
dəmdəmt‘amt‘antán609

Radical 75

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
mukmuk (mbuk)mumu622
muatmuat (mbuat)momo624
2gieggiĕk‘its̆‘i632
lɪəmlɪəmliəmliənlín637
ɦuanɦuanhuonhuanhuán645
lɪerlɪilili652
bɪămbɪʌmfanfanfàn652
k‘iedk‘iik‘its̆‘i657>658
buanbuanp‘uonp‘anpán665
670>658
lugləuləuləulóu671>663

Radical 76: 欠

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1k‘ɪămk‘ɪʌmk‘iemts̆‘ianqiàn678
2k‘iuatk‘iuɛtk‘iuets̆‘üequē678
k‘ɪəmk‘ɪəmk‘iəmts̆‘iənqīn681

Radical 81

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1pierpiipipi698
2biedbiipipi698>1557
毘 (毗)bierbiip‘ip‘i698

Radical 83: 氏

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1dhiegʒɪĕṣïṣïshì701
2kiegtʃɪĕṭṣiṭṣizhī701>562
miə̆nmiĕn (mbiĕn)miənmiənmín701

Radical 85: 水氵

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
gɪoggɪəuk‘iəuts̆‘iəuqiú707
kɪəpkɪəpkiəits̆i711
sărṣăṣaṣashā, shà712
沽 (~孤, 顧)kuag (kag)kokuku719>344
nernei (ndei)niəininí, nì722
puarpuapopo723
1t‘āmt‘emt‘iemt‘iantiān723
2tɪamṭɪɛmtʃɪemṭṣanzhān723
3t‘āpt‘ept‘iet‘ietiē723
bɪogbɪəufəufu737
lɪoglɪəuliəuliəuliú739
thiəmʃɪəmʃɪəmṣənshēn747
滿muanmuan (mbuan)muonmanmǎn771>759
hanhanhanhanhàn771>761
thiəpʃiəpʃiəiṣïshī779>756

Radical 86

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ɦiamyiɛmiemianyàn791

Radical 87

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
爲 (為)ɦɪuarɦɪuĕuəiuəiwéi, wèi808>786

Radical 89

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
𡁠 (=爾?)nierniĕ (rɪĕ)rrěr~809

Radical 93: 牛

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
mɪogmɪəu (mbɪəu)məuməumóu813
loglaulaulauláo813
mɪuəkmɪuk (mbɪuk)mumu814
lerleiliəili816

Radical 96

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
珊 (~𦙽?)sansansanṣanshān836
sïetṣɛtṣə842

Radical 98

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1kienkiɛnkients̆ianjiān848
2tientʃɪĕntʃɪənṭṣənzhēn848>894

Radical 99

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1dhiəmʒɪəmʃɪəmṣənshèn850
2dhiəmʃɪəmʃɪəmṣənshén850

Radical 101

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
neŋneŋniəŋniəŋnìng, níng854>64+367
miĕrmiĕ (mbiĕ)mimi854>437>433

Radical 102

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ḍiogyiəuiəuiəuyóu855
nəmnəm (ndam)namnannán856
lɪoglɪəuliəuliəuliú859

Radical 104: 疒

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
sïogṣïəuṣəuṣəushòu871

Radical 108

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
hlag (hlo)lolulu888

Radical 109

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
mɪukmɪuk (mbɪuk)mumu889
1gɪuag (gɪuo)gɪuk‘iuts̆‘ü901
2kɪuag (kɪuo)kɪukiuts̆ü901

Radical 112: 石

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
p‘uarp‘uap‘uop‘o909

Radical 113

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1gierdʒɪiṣïṣïshì917
2gieggiĕk‘its̆‘i917
1gieggiĕk‘its̆‘i919
2tiegtʃɪĕṭṣïṭṣïzhǐ919
1dhianʒɪɛnʃɪenṣanshàn927
2tărṭăṭṣaṭṣazhà927

Radical 115

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
sagsosusu942>1141

Radical 116

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
huətɦuetɦiues̆üexué943
duətduətt‘ut‘u947>945
huărhuăhuahuahuā948

Radical 118

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1gɪəpgɪəpkiəits̆i957 > 26
2ts‘ăpṭṣ‘ʌpṭṣ‘aṭṣ‘achā957 > 543
bɪuătbɪuʌtfafafá, fā961>58
puarpuapuopobǒ, bò972>1275

Radical 120: 糸

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1dhiuənʒɪuĕntʃ‘ɪuənṭṣ‘uənchún986
2tiuəntʃɪuĕntʃɪuənṭṣuənzhǔn986
sagsosusu987
serseisiəis̆i992
d˳iuəryiuiuəiuəiwéi1003
t‘ɪeiṭ‘ɪiṭṣ‘ïṭṣ‘ïchī1003
????pó (Indic: va)~1014

Radical 122: 网 罒 罓

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
larlaloluəluó1026
kɪarkɪĕkiṭs̆i1027

Radical 124

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
d˳iəkyiəkiəii1037

Radical 125

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1giergiik‘its̆‘i1040
2dhierʒɪiṣïṣïshì1040

Radical 127

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
nugnəu (ndəu)nəunəunòu1043

Radical 128

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
niəgniei (rɪei)rrěr1043
ḍiăgyiăieieyé, yē1044
mɪuənmɪuən (mbɪuən)wənuənwén1047

Radical 129

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
siersii1051

Radical 130

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1puəgpuəipuəipəibèi1059
2buəgbuəipuəipəibèi, bēi1059
tiertʃɪiṭṣïṭṣïzhī1060

Radical 140: 艸

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ts‘ogts‘auts‘auts‘aucǎo1088
huărhuăhuahuahuā1090
ts‘ïugṭṣ‘ïuṭṣ‘uṭṣ‘uchú1093
1niakniak (rɪak)rɪoruəruò1097
2niăgniă (rɪă)1097
dzierdziit‘sït‘sï1103
dăgḍăṭṣ‘aṭṣ‘achá1106
maŋmaŋ (mbaŋ)maŋmaŋmǎng 1111>1115
•əm•əmamanān1111>
thiokʃɪukʃɪuṣushū1113>198
1bəkbəkpopo1115 > 1127
2biuəgbiəufufu1115 > 332
3buagbop‘up‘u1115 > 1123
1ḍiapyiɛpieie1118
2thiapʃɪɛpʃɪeṣəshè1118
satsatsasa1137
miogmiɛu (mbiɛu)mieumiaumiǎo1138
gliↄkyiakiauiauyào1140>1136
gliↄkyiakioiue -> üeyuè1140>1136
sagsosusu1141
lanlanlanlanlán1142

Radical 142: 虫

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
蜱 (陴)biegbiĕp‘ip‘i?>1425

Radical 144

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1ɦăŋɦʌŋhiəŋs̆iəŋxíng, xìng1168
2ɦaŋɦaŋhaŋhaŋháng1168
ɦɪuadɦɪuɛiuəiuəiwèi 1172

Radical 145

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ɪərɪəiiəiiyī, yì 1173
pɪↄgpɪɛupieupiaubiǎo1184>1175
ɦatɦatho1184

Radical 147

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
tagtotutu1197>899

Radical 149: 言

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kerkeikiəits̆i1204
kɪətkɪətkiəits̆‘i1205
harhaho1210
dhiadʒɪɛiʃɪəiṣïshì1221
調2dogdeutieutiaudiao1227
tegteitiəiti1232
magmo (mbo)mumu1237>670>666
dhiogʒɪəutʃ‘ɪəuṭṣ‘əuchóu1242
ts‘ïəmṭṣ‘ïəmṭṣ‘əmṭṣ‘ənchèn1242

Radical 154: 貝

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ɦagɦaho1255
kɪuədkɪuəikuəikuəiguì1255
thiăgʃɪăʃɪəṣəshē1260
1tiettʃɪəttʃɪəiṭṣizhí1261
2tɪedtɪiṭṣïṭṣïzhì1261

Radical 156

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ɦɪuătɦɪuʌtiueüeyuè1271

Radical 157: 足

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
跋 (䟦)buatbuatpopa1275 (1276)
ts‘arts‘ats‘ots‘uecuō1282

Radical 159: 車

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
k‘iăgtʃ‘ɪătʃ‘ɪeṭṣ‘əchē1287
lɪuənlɪuĕnliuənluənlún1298
thiugʃɪuʃɪuṣushū1299

Radical 162

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1kărkiats̆iajiā 1309>156
2kiăkiets̆iejiē 1309
datdattata1327
ḍiogyiəuiəuiəuyóu1330
ɦɪuərɦɪuəiuəiuəiwéi1331
tiăgtʃɪătʃɪeṭṣezhē1334

Radical 163

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
narna (nda)nananā, nǎ, nà, nèi1342
pɪə̆npɪĕnpiənpiənbīn1342
1buəgbopupu1348
2buəgbəupəupəubòu1348
tagtotutudū, dōu1349>1347

Radical 164

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
herheihiəis̆i1358

Radical 165

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
thiakʃɪɛksɪəiṣïshì1360>1359

Radical 166

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
lɪəglɪeilili1360
1ḍiagyiăieie1362
2dhiagʒɪoʃɪuṣushù, shǔ1362>1025

Radical 167

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kɪəmkɪəmkiənts̆iənjīn1364
puatpuatpopo1374

Radical 169

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
閃 (~睒?)thiamʃɪɛmʃɪemṣanshǎnn/a > 1399
ɦănɦʌnhians̆ianxián1403
d˳iuatyiuɛtiueüeyuè1407
ɦiamyiɛmiemianyán1408
1diăgʒɪăʃɪeṣəshé 1409
2tagtotutudū, dōu 1409
闈 (韋)ɦɪuərɦɪuəiuəiuəiwéi1409 > 1464
t‘iantʃ‘ɪɛntʃ‘ɪenṭṣ‘anchǎn1412

Radical 170

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
bɪuaŋbɪuaŋfaŋfaŋfáng1413
1•ag•aəəē1414
2•ag•aaaā1414
dardat‘ot‘uətuó1416
蜱 (陴)biegbiĕp‘ip‘i?>1425
ḍiuar (yiuĕ)ziuĕsuəisuəisuí1428

Radical 172: 隹

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1nannan (ndan)nannannàn, nán1442
2nana (nda)nananuó1442>1342
lɪarlɪĕlili1443

Radical 177

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1peŋpeŋ1462
2begbeip‘iəip‘i1462

Radical 181

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ṇiugsiusius̆ü1469
dugdəut‘əut‘əutóu1474
bienbiĕnp‘iənp‘iənpín1475
lɪuə̆dlɪuiluəiləilèi1478

Radical 187

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
k‘ɪank‘ɪɛnk‘ients̆‘ianqiān1507

Radical 190

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
ning (siug)siusiu1518

Radical 191

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
tugtəutəutəudòu 1519>1411

Radical 192

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
鬱 (欝)•ɪuət•ɪuətiuü1520

Radical 194: 鬼

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
muarmua (mbua)muəmo1523

Radical 195

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
嚕 (~魯)loglolulu1525

Radical 196: 鳥

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
kɪogkɪəukiəuts̆iəujiū1533

Radical 198

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
1lārleiliəili1546
2lɪarlɪĕlili1546
驎 (麟)lɪenlɪĕnliənliənlín1547>1434

Radical 200

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
muarmua (mbua)muomomó, mā1548>550

Radical 202

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
lerleiliəili1551

To Be Categorized

Char. OC EMC LMC EM Pinyin Gakken
㝹 (=羺)?~nu???nóun/a
tsəŋtsəŋtsəŋtsəŋzēng286
tsəŋtsəŋtsəŋtsəŋzēng286
tsəŋtsəŋtsəŋtsəŋzēng286
larlaloluəluó1341
臘 (臈)laplaplala1072
lānlenlienlianliàn1008
ləkləkləiləilēi, lè163
呬 (= 戯?)hɪarhɪĕhis̆i(506)
1buanbuanp‘uonpanpán1083
2puănpuănpanpanbān1083